The Implementation of the (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) / (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Prevention Policy at the Kedungwaringin Community Health Center, Kedungwaringin District, Bekasi Regency
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the HIV/AIDS prevention policy at the Kedungwaringin Community Health Center (Puskesmas), Bekasi Regency, based on the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation model, which includes six variables: policy standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication, implementing characteristics, socio-economic-political conditions, and implementers’ disposition. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through in-depth interviews with program managers, health workers, and PLWHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS). The results show that the implementation of the policy has a clear legal basis and standard operating procedures (SOPs), but they are not yet fully understood by all implementers, particularly cadres who have not received further training. Limited human resources, operational funds, and training are the main obstacles to program effectiveness. Vertical communication with the Health Office functions well through the SIHA 2.1 application, but horizontal communication with village authorities, NGOs, and the community remains suboptimal. In addition, social stigma against PLWHA and economic barriers among the community hinder sustainable access to health services. Program implementers’ motivation tends to decline due to high workloads, lack of incentives, and insufficient supervision. In conclusion, the implementation of the HIV/AIDS prevention policy at the Kedungwaringin Community Health Center has been carried out but is not yet optimal. Strengthening human resource capacity, regional budget support, cross-sectoral coordination, and educational and inclusive approaches are needed to reduce stigma and expand service coverage. Support from all stakeholders is essential for the policy to be implemented effectively and sustainably.
Downloads
References
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bekasi. (2023). Kabupaten Bekasi dalam Angka 2023. Cikarang: BPS.
Barker, G. (2006). HIV/AIDS: Social Aspects of Public Health. Sage Publications
Chrislip, D. D., & Larson, C. E. (1994). Collaborative Leadership: How Citizens and Civic Leaders Can Make a Difference. Jossey-Bass.
Sugiyono, (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung Alfabeta
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education. Macmillan.
Edmondson, A. C. (2019). The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. Wiley.
Hackman, J. R. (2002). Leading Teams: Setting the Stage for Great Performances. Harvard Business Press.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2022.
Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS. Jakarta: Direktorat P2PML.
WHO. (2021). Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The Policy Implementation Process: A Conceptual Framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539977500600404
Fauziyah, N. (2016). Peningkatan Kapasitas Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Penanggulangan HIV di Puskesmas. Jurnal Pelayanan Kesehatan, 13(1), 57-65.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nasir, S. (2018). Model Kolaborasi Penanggulangan HIV di Puskesmas: Pengalaman di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia, 15(2), 74-83.
Putri, R. A. (2020). Peran Puskesmas dalam Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di Daerah Perkotaan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 15(2), 134–142.
Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bekasi, (2022). Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bekasi Nomor 06 Tahun 2022 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS.
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan, (2013). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 21 tentang Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS.
Permenkes RI, (2017) Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 52 Tahun 2017 tentang Eliminasi Penularan Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Sifilis, dan Hepatitis B dari Ibu ke Anak, Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara.
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey-Bass. Sore, Suddin B dan Sobirin. 2017. Kebijakan Publik. Makassar: CV. Sah Media
Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday.
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership (3rd ed.). Jossey- Bass.
WHO. (2016). Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Widoyoko, H. (2015). Peran Puskesmas dalam Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS.
Yusuf, M. (2019). Evaluasi Program Kolaborasi Penanggulangan HIV di Puskesmas: Studi Kasus di Jakarta dan Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 23(2), 104-112.
Istiqomah, Annisa. 2020. Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS. Semarang: HIGEIA https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/higeia/article/view/35108/17992
Pratama, Muchti Yuda., & Gurning, Fitiani Prmita. 2019. Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di Puskesmas Helvetia Kota Medan. Medan: Indonesian Trust Health Journal. https://jurnal.murniteguhuniversity.ac.id/index.php/ithj/article/view/42/48
Nuraeni, Ine. 2024. Analisis Implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimum Kesehatan Indikator Penderita HIV di Puskesmas Banjaran Kota Tahun 2023. Jakarta: Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jkki/article/view/95747?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Susila, Seruni Angreni., Subronto, Yanri Wijayanti., & Marthis, Tiara. 2022. Implementasi Kebijakan Tatalaksana HIVdi Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JMPK/article/view/5121?utm_source=chatgpt.co m
UNAIDS. (2022). Global HIV & AIDS Statistics — Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
